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Istanbul and Kandilli Observatories as the Astronomical Heritage of Türkiye
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Astronomical Heritage ; Cultural Heritage ; Science History
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This paper explores the historical evolution and scientific contributions of two cornerstone institutions of Turkish astronomy: the Kandilli Observatory and the Istanbul University Observatory. By examining their origins—ranging from the late Ottoman era to the early years of the Republic—this work highlights their roles in establishing modern astronomical research in T¨urkiye. The paper details their historical instrumentation, significant manuscript collections, and the continuous solar observation datasets that remain vital for global heliophysics research today. Furthermore, it discusses their current educational initiatives and their role in bridging T¨urkiye’s rich astronomical heritage with future endeavors, such as the Eastern Anatolia Observatory (DAG).