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An Astronomical Interpretation of a Small Example from Armenian Folklore
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Armenian Folklore ; Dragon-fish ; Vishapakar ; Piscis Austrinus ; Ursa Major ; Ethnoastronomy ; Armenian Calendar History ; Cultural Astronomy
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This article examines an individual fragment of Armenian folklore about the Aratsani (Euphrates) River from an astronomical perspective, focusing on the central characters - the dragonfish and the bear. Through this analysis, a wealth of “astronomical knowledge” rooted in ancient mythological perceptions is revealed. Specifically, the mentioned figures in the sky correspond respectively to the modern constellations of the Southern Fish (Piscis Austrinus) and the Great Bear (Ursa Major).The described scenes are correlated with the heliacal rising and setting of the main star of Southern Fish constellations. Furthermore, all defining characteristics of the figures are given precise astronomical and mythological interpretations. The legend also highlights expressions related to the unfolding time, which are thoroughly explained based on celestial phenomena and ancient Armenian calendrical concepts. It is demonstrated that the described celestial events are associated with a 65–70-day period, referred to in the Protohaykian calendar structure as the “extra-annual period.” Additionally, the legend reveals close calendrical and ritualistic connections with the astronomical context of Fish-shaped Dragon Stones (Vishapakars). The comprehensive astronomical analysis enables the dating of the legend described to 18800 BC. This serves as a small but striking example of how folklore can act as a unique source of rich astronomical information.